Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngogesi kushubile, kanti nodaba lokugcwaliswa kabusha kukagesi seluphenduke enye yezinkinga imboni esazinaka ngokugcwele.Ngenkathi wonke umuntu ephikisana ngokufaneleka kokushajwa ngokweqile nokushintshaniswa kwebhethri, ingabe likhona "I-Plan C" yokushaja izimoto zamandla amasha?
Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthonywa ukushajwa okungenantambo kwama-smartphones, ukushajwa okungenantambo kwezimoto nakho sekube obunye bobuchwepheshe onjiniyela asebebunqobe.Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba, kungekudala, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto buthole ucwaningo oluyimpumelelo.Ithimba locwaningo nentuthuko lithe i-wireless charger pad ingadlulisela amandla emotweni enamandla aphuma ku-100kW, okunganyusa izinga lokushajwa kwebhethri ngo-50% phakathi nemizuzu engu-20.
Vele, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto akubona ubuchwepheshe obusha.Ngokukhuphuka kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla, amandla ahlukahlukene asenesikhathi eside ehlola ukushajwa okungenantambo, okuhlanganisa i-BBA, iVolvo nezinkampani ezahlukene zezimoto zasekhaya.
Sekukonke, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto busesigabeni sokuqala, futhi ohulumeni abaningi basekhaya nabo bathatha leli thuba ukuhlola amathuba amakhulu okuthutha esikhathini esizayo.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezindleko, amandla, nengqalasizinda, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto buye bathengiswa ngezinga elikhulu.Buningi ubunzima obusadinga ukunqotshwa.Indaba entsha mayelana nokushajwa okungenantambo ezimotweni akulula ukuyisho okwamanje.
Njengoba sonke sazi, ukushaja okungenantambo akuyona into entsha embonini yomakhalekhukhwini.Ukushaja izimoto okungenantambo akudumile njengokushajwa komakhalekhukhwini, kodwa sekuhehe izinkampani eziningi ukuthi zihalele lobu buchwepheshe.
Sekukonke, kunezindlela ezine ezijwayelekile zokushaja okungenantambo: induction ye-electromagnetic, magnetic field resonance, i-electric field coupling, namaza omsakazo.Phakathi kwazo, omakhalekhukhwini nezimoto zikagesi ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction kanye ne-magnetic field resonance.
Phakathi kwazo, ukushaja okungenantambo kwe-electromagnetic induction kusebenzisa umgomo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic we-electromagnetism kanye nezibuthe ukukhiqiza ugesi.Isebenza kahle kakhulu ukushaja, kodwa ibanga lokushaja elisebenzayo lifushane futhi nezidingo zendawo yokushaja nazo ziqinile.Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukushaja okungenantambo kwe-magnetic resonance kunezidingo eziphansi zendawo kanye nebanga elide lokushaja, elingasekela amasentimitha ambalwa ukuya kumamitha ambalwa, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kungaphansi kancane kunokuqala.
Ngakho-ke, ezigabeni zokuqala zokuhlola ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo, izinkampani zezimoto zazithanda ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo kwe-electromagnetic induction.Izinkampani ezimele izimoto zihlanganisa iBMW, Daimler nezinye izinkampani zezimoto.Kusukela lapho, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo buthuthukiswa kancane kancane, bumelwe abahlinzeki besistimu abafana ne-Qualcomm ne-WiTricity.
Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi 2014, abakwaBMW kanye noDaimler (manje osekuyiMercedes-Benz) bamemezele isivumelwano sokubambisana sokuthuthukisa ngokuhlanganyela ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto zikagesi.Ngo-2018, abakwaBMW baqala ukukhiqiza uhlelo lokushaja okungenantambo futhi balwenza lwaba idivayisi ozikhethela yona yemodeli eyi-hybrid plug-in eyi-5 Series.Amandla ayo okushaja alinganiselwe angu-3.2kW, amandla okuguqula amandla afinyelela ku-85%, futhi angashajwa ngokugcwele emahoreni angu-3.5.
Ngo-2021, i-Volvo izosebenzisa itekisi kagesi ye-XC40 ukuze iqale izivivinyo zokushaja okungenantambo e-Sweden.IVolvo imise ngokukhethekile izindawo zokuhlola eziningi edolobheni laseGothenburg, eSweden.Izimoto ezishajayo zidinga kuphela ukupaka emishinini yokushaja engenantambo eshumekwe emgwaqeni ukuze ziqalise ngokuzenzakalelayo umsebenzi wokushaja.KwaVolvo bathi amandla ayo okushaja afinyelela ku-40kW, kanti ikwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angu-100 ngemizuzu engu-30.
Emkhakheni wokushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto, izwe lami belilokhu lihamba phambili embonini.Ngo-2015, i-China Southern Power Grid I-Guangxi Electric Power Research Institute yakha umzila wokuqala wokuhlola ukushaja okungenantambo kwemoto kagesi yasekhaya.Ngo-2018, i-SAIC Roewe yethula imodeli yokuqala kagesi emsulwa enokushaja okungenantambo.I-FAW Hongqi yethule i-Hongqi E-HS9 esekela ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo ngo-2020. NgoMashi 2023, i-SAIC Zhiji yethula ngokusemthethweni ikhambi layo lokuqala lokushaja okungenantambo elinamandla angu-11kW.
Futhi uTesla ungomunye wabahloli emkhakheni wokushaja okungenantambo.NgoJuni 2023, uTesla wasebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-76 ukuze athole i-Wiferion futhi wayiqamba kabusha ngokuthi i-Tesla Engineering Germany GmbH, ehlela ukukhulisa ukushaja okungenantambo ngezindleko eziphansi.Ngaphambilini, i-CEO ye-Tesla u-Musk wayenesimo sengqondo esibi ngokushaja okungenantambo futhi wagxeka ukushaja okungenantambo ngokuthi "amandla aphansi futhi angasebenzi kahle".Manje ukubiza ngekusasa elithembisayo.
Yebo, izinkampani eziningi zezimoto ezifana neToyota, Honda, Nissan, neGeneral Motors nazo zenza ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo.
Nakuba izinhlangano eziningi zenze ukuhlola kwesikhathi eside emkhakheni wokushaja okungenantambo, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto busekude nokuba ngokoqobo.Isici esibalulekile esivimbela ukukhula kwayo amandla.Thatha i-Hongqi E-HS9 njengesibonelo.Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo efakelwe ngabo bunamandla amakhulu okukhipha angu-10kW, angaphezulu kancane ku-7kW wenqwaba yokushaja kancane.Amanye amamodeli angafinyelela kuphela amandla okushaja esistimu angu-3.2kW.Ngamanye amazwi, akukho lula nakancane ngokusebenza kahle kokushaja okunjalo.
Impela, uma amandla okushaja okungenantambo ethuthukiswa, kungase kube enye indaba.Isibonelo, njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwesihloko, ithimba locwaningo nentuthuko lizuze amandla okukhipha angu-100kW, okusho ukuthi uma amandla anjalo okukhiphayo angafinyelelwa, imoto ingashajwa ngokugcwele cishe ngehora.Nakuba kusenzima ukuqhathanisa nokushaja okukhulu, kuseyinketho entsha yokugcwalisa amandla.
Ngokombono wezimo zokusetshenziswa, inzuzo enkulu yobuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto ukuncishiswa kwezinyathelo ezenziwa ngesandla.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushaja ngezintambo, abanikazi bezimoto kudingeka benze uchungechunge lwemisebenzi efana nokupaka, ukwehla emotweni, ukucosha isibhamu, ukuxhuma nokushaja, njll. Lapho bebhekene nezinqwaba zokushaja zezinkampani zangaphandle, kufanele bagcwalise imininingwane ehlukahlukene. , okuyinqubo enzima uma kuqhathaniswa.
Isimo sokushaja okungenantambo silula kakhulu.Ngemva kokuba umshayeli epaka imoto, idivayisi izizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo bese iyishaja ngokungenantambo.Ngemva kokuba imoto isishajwe ngokugcwele, imoto iyahamba ihambe ngokuqondile, futhi umnikazi akadingi ukuba enze eminye imisebenzi.Ngokombono wesipiliyoni somsebenzisi, izophinde inikeze abantu umuzwa wokunethezeka lapho besebenzisa izimoto zikagesi.
Kungani ukushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto kuheha ukunakwa okungaka kumabhizinisi nabahlinzeki?Ngokombono wokuthuthuka, ukufika kwenkathi yokungasebenzi kungase futhi kube isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo.Ukuze izimoto zingashayeli ngempela, zidinga ukushajwa okungenantambo ukuze kukhishwe amaketango ezintambo zokushaja.
Ngakho-ke, abahlinzeki abaningi abashajayo banethemba elikhulu mayelana nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo.Isikhondlakhondla saseJalimane i-Siemens sibikezela ukuthi imakethe yokushaja okungenantambo yezimoto zikagesi eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika izofinyelela ku-US$2 bhiliyoni ngo-2028. Ukuze kufezeke lokhu, ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2022, i-Siemens yatshala imali eyizigidi ezingu-US$25 ukuze ithole ingxenye encane yomhlinzeki wokushaja okungenantambo i-WiTricity. ukukhuthaza ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokushaja okungenantambo.
I-Siemens ikholelwa ukuthi ukushajwa okungenantambo kwezimoto zikagesi kuzoba okujwayelekile esikhathini esizayo.Ngaphezu kokwenza ukushaja kube lula, ukushaja okungenantambo nakho kungenye yezimo ezidingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukushayela ukuzimela.Uma ngempela sifuna ukwethula izimoto ezizishayelayo ngezinga elikhulu, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo buyisidingo.Lesi isinyathelo esibalulekile emhlabeni wokushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Yebo, amathemba mahle, kodwa iqiniso libi.Njengamanje, izindlela zokugcwalisa amandla ezimoto zikagesi ziya ngokuya zihlukahluka, futhi ithemba lokushaja okungenantambo lilindelwe kakhulu.Nokho, ngokombono wamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo bezimoto busesesigabeni sokuhlola futhi bubhekene nezinkinga eziningi, njengezindleko eziphezulu, ukushaja okunensayo, izindinganiso ezingahambisani, kanye nenqubekela phambili yokuthengisa ehamba kancane.
Inkinga yokusebenza kahle kokushaja ingenye yezithiyo.Isibonelo, sixoxe ngodaba lokusebenza kahle ku-Hongqi E-HS9 eshiwo ngenhla.Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kokushaja okungenantambo kugxekwe.Njengamanje, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja okungenantambo kwezimoto zikagesi kuphansi kunokushaja ngezintambo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokudluliswa okungenantambo.
Ngokombono wezindleko, ukushaja okungenantambo kwemoto kudinga ukuncishiswa nakakhulu.Ukushaja okungenantambo kunezidingo eziphezulu zengqalasizinda.Izingxenye zokushaja zivame ukubekwa phansi, okuzobandakanya ukuguqulwa komhlaba nezinye izindaba.Izindleko zokwakha nakanjani zizoba phezulu kunezindleko zezinqwaba ezijwayelekile zokushaja.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni kokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo, uchungechunge lwezimboni aluvuthiwe, futhi izindleko zezingxenye ezihlobene zizoba phezulu, ngisho nezikhathi eziningana intengo ye-AC yokushaja izinqwaba ngamandla afanayo.
Isibonelo, umqhubi wamabhasi waseBrithani u-FirstBus ucabange ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo ohlelweni lokuphromotha ukufakwa kukagesi kwemikhumbi yayo.Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuhlola, kwatholakala ukuthi umphakeli ngamunye wamaphaneli wokushaja phansi ucaphune amaphawundi angu-70,000.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokwakha imigwaqo yokushaja okungenantambo nazo ziphezulu.Isibonelo, izindleko zokwakha umgwaqo wokushaja okungenantambo ongamakhilomitha angu-1.6 e-Sweden zilinganiselwa ku-$12.5 million.
Yebo, izinkinga zokuphepha zingase zibe enye yezinkinga ezikhawulela ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo.Ngokombono womthelela wako emzimbeni womuntu, ukushaja okungenantambo akuyona into enkulu."I-Interim Regulations on Radio Management of Wireless Charging (Power Transmission) Equipment (Okusalungiswa Kwamazwana)" eshicilelwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ithi i-spectrum engu-19-21kHz kanye no-79-90kHz ikhethekile ezimotweni zokushaja okungenantambo.Ucwaningo olufanele lubonisa ukuthi kuphela uma amandla okushaja edlula 20kW futhi umzimba womuntu usondelene nesisekelo sokushaja, ungaba nomthelela othile emzimbeni.Kodwa-ke, lokhu futhi kudinga zonke izinhlangothi ukuthi ziqhubeke nokwazisa ukuphepha ngaphambi kokuthi kubonwe abathengi.
Akunandaba ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo busebenza kangakanani nokuthi izimo zokusebenzisa zilula kangakanani, kusenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kokuthi ithengiswe ngezinga elikhulu.Ukuphuma elabhorethri futhi uyisebenzise empilweni yangempela, umgwaqo oya ekushajweni okungenantambo kwezimoto mude futhi unzima.
Yize zonke izinhlangothi zihlola ngamandla ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo bezimoto, umqondo "wokushaja amarobhothi" nawo uvele buthule.Amaphuzu ezinhlungu azoxazululwa ngokushaja okungenantambo amele indaba yokushaja komsebenzisi kalula, okuzohambisana nomqondo wokushayela ngaphandle kokushayela esikhathini esizayo.Kodwa kunendlela engaphezu kowodwa eya eRoma.
Ngakho-ke, "amarobhothi ashajayo" nawo aseqalile ukuba yisithasiselo enqubweni yokushaja ehlakaniphile yezimoto.Muva nje, isizinda sokuhlola sesistimu yamandla entsha ye-Beijing Sub-Central Construction National Green Development Demonstration Zone sethule irobhothi elishaja ibhasi elizishintshayo ngokuphelele elingashaja amabhasi kagesi.
Ngemva kokuba ibhasi likagesi lingene esiteshini sokushaja, uhlelo lombono luthwebula ulwazi lokufika kwemoto, futhi uhlelo lwangemuva lokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngokushesha lukhipha umsebenzi wokushaja irobhothi.Ngosizo lwesistimu yokuthola indlela kanye nendlela yokuhamba, irobhothi lishayela ngokuzenzakalelayo liye esiteshini sokushaja bese lizibambela mathupha isibhamu esishajayo., kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokumisa okubukwayo ukuhlonza indawo yembobo yokushaja imoto kagesi nokwenza imisebenzi yokushaja okuzenzakalelayo.
Yiqiniso, izinkampani zezimoto nazo seziqala ukubona izinzuzo "zokushaja amarobhothi".Ku-2023 Shanghai Auto Show, iLotus ikhiphe irobhothi elishajayo.Lapho imoto idinga ukushajwa, irobhothi linganweba ingalo yalo ewumshini futhi lifake ngokuzenzakalelayo isibhamu sokushaja embotsheni yokushaja yemoto.Ngemva kokushaja, ingakwazi nokukhipha isibhamu ngokwayo, iqedele yonke inqubo kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekushajeni imoto.
Ngokuphambene, amarobhothi ashajayo awagcini nje ngokunethezeka kokushaja okungenantambo, kodwa futhi angaxazulula inkinga yomkhawulo wamandla wokushaja okungenantambo.Abasebenzisi bangajabulela futhi injabulo yokushaja ngokweqile ngaphandle kokuphuma emotweni.Kunjalo, ukushaja amarobhothi kuzophinde kuhlanganise izindleko kanye nezindaba ezihlakaniphile ezifana nokuma kanye nokugwema izithiyo.
Indaba efingqiwe: Udaba lokugcwaliswa kabusha kwamandla ezimotweni ezisebenza ngamandla amasha belulokhu luwudaba wonke amaqembu embonini alunanzelela kakhulu.Njengamanje, isixazululo sokushaja ngokweqile kanye nesixazululo sokushintsha ibhethri yizixazululo ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.Ngokombono, lezi zixazululo ezimbili zanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokugcwalisa amandla zabasebenzisi ngokwezinga elithile.Yebo, izinto zihlala ziqhubekela phambili.Mhlawumbe ngokufika kwenkathi yokungashayeli, ukushaja okungenantambo nokushaja amarobhothi angase avule amathuba amasha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-13-2024