I-China Railway Yamukela Ukuhamba Kwebhethri I-Lithium-Ion: Inkathi Entsha Yezixazululo Zamandla Aluhlaza

Ukwethulwa kokuthuthwa ngojantshi kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ezimoto akukhona nje ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo, kodwa futhi kuyisu elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nempumelelo yezindleko zokuhamba kwebhethri. Esimeni sokuqhudelana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ikhono lokuthutha lawa mabhethri ngololiwe libalulekile njengoba lihambisana nezindlela ezikhona zokuthutha ezifana nesitimela-solwandle kanye nojantshi wesitimela. Le ndlela yokuthutha ye-multimodal kulindeleke ukuthi ithuthukise kakhulu ukuncintisana kwamanye amazwe amabhethri e-lithium-ion, abonakala ngokuqhubekayo njengetshe legumbi "ezintathu ezintsha" - izimoto zikagesi, ukugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe.
Amabhethri e-lithium asebenzisa insimbi ye-lithium noma i-lithium alloys njengezinto ze-electrode kanye nezixazululo ze-electrolyte ezingenamanzi njengama-electrolyte, futhi abe yisixazululo esithandwayo sokugcina amandla emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuthuthuka kwayo kungalandelelwa emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi yenza inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ngemuva kokuvela kokuqala kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Namuhla, amabhethri e-lithium ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili: amabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium namabhethri e-lithium-ion. Lezi zokugcina aziqukethe i-lithium eyinsimbi futhi ziyashajwa, futhi zidumile ngenxa yezici zazo zokusebenza ezinhle kakhulu.
Enye yezinzuzo eziphoqelela kakhulu zamabhethri e-lithium ukuminyana kwawo okuphezulu kwamandla, okungaba izikhathi eziphindwe kasithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa kunamabhethri endabuko e-lead-acid. Lesi sici sizenza zifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izixazululo zamandla ezingasindi neziphathwayo, njengezimoto zikagesi nemishini ephathekayo ye-elekthronikhi. Ukwengeza, amabhethri e-lithium anempilo ende yesevisi, ngokuvamile engaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha, kanye ne-voltage elinganiselwe ephezulu, ene-voltage eyodwa yokusebenza kweseli engu-3.7V noma i-3.2V. Amandla ayo okuphatha amandla aphezulu avumela ukusheshisa okusheshayo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphakeme kakhulu.
Amabhethri e-lithium anezinga eliphansi lokuzikhulula, ngokuvamile elingaphansi kuka-1% ngenyanga, okuqhubeka kuthuthukisa ukukhanga kwawo. Lesi sici siqinisekisa ukuthi amandla agcinwa isikhathi eside, okuwenza abe yinketho ethembekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza zabathengi nezimboni. Njengoba umhlaba uya ngokuya uphendukela ezixazululweni zamandla esimeme, izinzuzo zamabhethri e-lithium ziwenza abe umdlali obalulekile ekushintsheni kwekusasa eliluhlaza.
E-China, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla kudlulela ngale komkhakha wezimoto. Isivivinyo esiyimpumelelo sokuthutha ibhethri ye-lithium-ion sigqamisa ukuzibophezela kweChina ekuhlanganiseni izixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo kuzo zonke izindlela zokuhamba. Lesi sinyathelo asigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri, kodwa futhi sihambisana nezinjongo ezibanzi zase-China zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko esimeme.
Njengoba umphakathi womhlaba wonke usebenza ukubhekana nezinselelo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukwamukela amabhethri e-lithium nokwakha izinhlelo zokuthutha ezisebenza kahle ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zixazululo zokugcina amandla kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esibheke emhlabeni oluhlaza. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kukajantshi wesitimela kazwelonke kanye nomkhiqizi wamabhethri ohamba phambili kuhlanganisa umoya wentsha oqhuba inguquko yaseShayina ibe namandla aqhubekayo.
Sengiphetha, ukusebenza kwesivivinyo samabhethri e-lithium-ion ezimotweni kumzila wesitimela waseChina kumelela intuthuko enkulu esimweni samandla sezwe. Ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo zamabhethri e-lithium kanye nokuthuthukisa izinto zokuhamba, iChina kulindeleke ukuthi iqinise isikhundla sayo emakethe yamandla yomhlaba wonke ngenkathi inikela ekusaseni elizinzile. Njengoba umhlaba uphokophele ekuxazululeni izixazululo zamandla aluhlaza, ukuhlanganiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezitimela, kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni i-ecosystem yamandla ehlanzekile nesebenza kahle kakhudlwana.