Njengoba "inhliziyo" yezimoto zamandla amasha, ukusebenziseka kabusha, ukuluhlaza kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwamabhethri kagesi ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi kudonse ukunaka okukhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemboni. Kusukela ngo-2016, izwe lami lisebenzise izinga lewaranti yeminyaka engu-8 noma amakhilomitha angu-120,000 kumabhethri anamandla emoto yomgibeli, okuyiminyaka eyi-8 impela edlule. Lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi kusukela kulo nyaka, inombolo ethile yeziqinisekiso zebhethri lamandla izophelelwa yisikhathi minyaka yonke.
Ngokombiko kaGasgoo othi "Power Battery Ladder Utilization and Recycling Industry Report (2024 Edition)" (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi "Umbiko"), ngo-2023, amathani angu-623,000 amabhethri kagesi asewathatha umhlalaphansi azosetshenziswa kabusha kuleli, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele esigidini esingu-1.2 amathani ngo-2025, futhi izosetshenziswa kabusha ngo-2030. Ifinyelele amathani ayizigidi eziyisi-6.
Namuhla, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ukumisile ukwamukelwa kohlu olumhlophe lwezinkampani ezigaya kabusha amabhethri anamandla, futhi intengo ye-lithium carbonate yezinga lebhethri lehle laya ku-80,000 yuan/ton. Izinga lokugaywa kabusha kwe-nickel, i-cobalt kanye ne-manganese embonini lidlula ama-99%. Ngokusekelwa kwezinto eziningi ezifana nokuhlinzeka, intengo, inqubomgomo, kanye nobuchwepheshe, imboni yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla, engaphansi kwesikhathi sokuhlenga kabusha, ingase isondele endaweni yokuguquguquka.
Igagasi lokuhoxiswa komsebenzi liyasondela, futhi imboni isadinga ukumiswa
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha kulethe ukwanda okuqhubekayo komthamo ofakiwe wamabhethri wamandla, okuhlinzeka ngokusekela okuqinile kwendawo yokukhula yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla, imboni entsha evamile yangemuva komjikelezo wamandla.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela eMnyangweni Wezokuphepha Komphakathi, kusukela ekupheleni kukaJuni, isibalo sezimoto ezintsha zamandla ezweni lonke sifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-24.72, ezibalelwa ku-7.18% yenani eliphelele lezimoto. Kunezimoto zikagesi ezingashintshiwe eziyizigidi eziyi-18.134, ezibalelwa ku-73.35% yenani eliphelele lezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla. Ngokwemininingwane ekhishwe yi-China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka kuphela, umthamo ofakiwe wamabhethri kagesi ezweni lami wawungu-203.3GWh.
"Umbiko" uveze ukuthi kusukela ngo-2015, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zezwe lami kubonise ukukhula okukhulu, futhi umthamo ofakiwe wamabhethri kagesi unyuke ngokufanele. Ngokuya ngokwesilinganiso sempilo yebhethri yeminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweyisi-8, amabhethri wamandla asezongenisa igagasi lokuthatha umhlalaphansi kwesilinganiso esikhulu.
Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi amabhethri asetshenziswa amandla ayingozi kakhulu emvelweni nasemzimbeni womuntu. Izinto zengxenye ngayinye yebhethri lamandla zingasabela ngokwekhemikhali ngezinto ezithile endaweni ukuze zikhiqize ukungcola. Uma sezingenile emhlabathini, emanzini nasemkhathini, zizodala ukungcola okukhulu. Izinsimbi ezinjengomthofu, i-mercury, i-cobalt, i-nickel, ithusi, ne-manganese nazo zinomphumela wokucebisa futhi zinganqwabelana emzimbeni womuntu ngochungechunge lokudla, zilimaze impilo yomuntu.
Ukwelashwa okungenangozi okumaphakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenzisiwe kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezinto zensimbi kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa impilo yabantu kanye nentuthuko esimeme yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kubhekene nokuyeka okukhulu okuzayo kwamabhethri kagesi, kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyaphuthuma ukuphatha kahle amabhethri kagesi asetshenzisiwe.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi usekele iqembu lezinkampani ezithobelanayo zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri. Kuze kube manje, isikhiphe uhlu olumhlophe lwezinkampani ezigaywe kabusha zamabhethri angu-156 ngamaqoqo angu-5, okuhlanganisa izinkampani ezingu-93 ezineziqu zokusebenzisa izigaba, izinkampani ezihlakazayo, Kunezinkampani ezingu-51 ezineziqu zokugaywa kabusha kanye nezinkampani ezingu-12 ezinazo zombili lezi ziqu.
Ngaphezu kwalezi "amasosha avamile" ashiwo ngenhla, imakethe yokuvuselela ibhethri yamandla enamandla amakhulu emakethe iye yakhanga ukuthutheleka kwezinkampani eziningi, futhi ukuncintisana kuyo yonke imboni yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium kubonise isimo esincane futhi esihlakazekile.
"Umbiko" uveze ukuthi kusukela mhla zingama-25 kuNhlangulana kulo nyaka, bekunezinkampani eziphathelene nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri kagesi asekhaya eziyi-180,878, kuzo ezingama-49,766 zizobhaliswa ngo-2023, ezibalelwa ku-27.5% wabo bonke abakhona. Phakathi kwalezi zinkampani ezingu-180,000, ezingu-65% zinemali ebhalisiwe engaphansi kwezigidi ezi-5, futhi ziyizinkampani "ezifana neshabhu elincane" amandla azo obuchwepheshe, inqubo yokuvuselela kabusha, kanye nemodeli yebhizinisi okudingeka kuthuthukiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe.
Abanye abangaphakathi embonini bakwenze kwacaca ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri lamandla ezwe lami kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri kunesisekelo esihle sokuthuthuka, kodwa imakethe yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri anamandla isesiphithiphithini, amandla okusebenzisa aphelele adinga ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nesistimu yokugaywa kabusha esezingeni idinga ukwenziwa. ngcono.
Ngezici eziningi ezibekwe phezulu, imboni ingase ifinyelele iphuzu lokuguquguquka
"I-White Paper on Development of China's Lithium-ion Battery Recycling, Dismantling and Echelon Utilization Industry (2024)" ekhishwe yi-China Battery Industry Research Institute kanye nezinye izikhungo ibonisa ukuthi ngo-2023, amathani angu-623,000 amabhethri e-lithium-ion empeleni asetshenziswa kabusha. ezweni lonke, kodwa izinkampani eziyi-156 kuphela ezimenyezelwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi Amandla okukhiqiza amabhizinisi ahlangabezana nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamabhethri alahlwayo afinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezi-3.793 ngonyaka, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla embonini yonke kuphela 16.4%.
U-Gasgoo uyaqonda ukuthi ngenxa yezinto ezinjengomthelela wentengo wezinto zokusetshenziswa zebhethri lamandla, imboni manje isingene esigabeni sokushintshwa. Ezinye izinkampani zinikeze idatha ngenani lokugaywa kabusha kwemboni yonke njengengekho ngaphezu kwama-25%.
Njengoba imboni yezimoto zamandla entsha yezwe lami isuka entuthukweni enesivinini esikhulu iye ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ukugadwa kwemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri anamandla nakho kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, futhi nesakhiwo sembonini kulindeleke ukuthi sithuthukiswe.
NgoMashi kulo nyaka, lapho uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ukhipha "Isaziso Sokuhlela Isicelo Sezinkampani Ezinemibandela Emisiwe Yokusetshenziswa Okuphelele Kwezinsiza Ezivuselelekayo kanye Nokwenziwa Kabusha Kwemikhiqizo Yemishini Nekagesi ngo-2024" embonini yasendaweni neziphathimandla zolwazi. , isho ukuthi "ukumiswa kokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisa ibhethri lamandla emoto entsha" Sebenzisa izimo ezijwayelekile zokumenyezelwa kwebhizinisi. Kubikwa ukuthi inhloso yalokhu kumiswa wukuhlola kabusha izinkampani ezigunyazwe, kanye nokuphakamisa izimfuneko zokulungisa izinkampani ezikhona ezigunyaziwe ezingenazo iziqu, noma ngisho nokuhoxiswa kweziqu zohlu lwabamhlophe.
Ukumiswa kwezicelo zokufaneleka kumangaze izinkampani eziningi ebezilungiselela ukujoyina "ibutho elijwayelekile" lohlu olumhlophe lokuvuselela kabusha ibhethri lamandla. Njengamanje, ekubhideleni amaphrojekthi amakhulu naphakathi nendawo yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium, kuye kwadingeka ngokusobala ukuthi izinkampani kufanele zigunyazwe. Lesi sinyathelo sithumele isignali yokupholisa embonini yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium ukuze kutshalwe amandla okukhiqiza nokwakha. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lokhu futhi kwandisa okuqukethwe kweziqu ezinkampanini esezivele zithole uhlu lwabamhlophe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Uhlelo Lwesenzo Lokuphromotha Izibuyekezo Zezisetshenziswa Ezinkulu kanye Nokuhweba Ngezimpahla Zabathengi" olusanda kukhishwa luhlongoza ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha amazinga okungenisa kanye nezinqubomgomo zamabhethri aphehla amandla, izinto ezigaywe kabusha, njll. Ngaphambilini, amabhethri kagesi angaphandle ayethathe umhlalaphansi. zavinjelwa ukungenisa ezweni lami. Manje ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwamabhethri kagesi asewathatha umhlalaphansi ku-ajenda, ephinde ikhiphe isignali yenqubomgomo entsha ekulawuleni ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri kagesi ezwe lami.
Ngo-Agasti, intengo ye-lithium carbonate yezinga lebhethri yeqa i-80,000 yuan/ton, yenza isithunzi phezu kwemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri yamandla. Ngokwemininingwane ekhishwe yi-Shanghai Steel Federation ngo-Agasti 9, intengo emaphakathi ye-lithium carbonate yezinga lebhethri yabikwa ku-79,500 yuan/ton. Intengo ekhuphukayo ye-lithium carbonate yezinga lebhethri lenyuse intengo yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium, eheha izinkampani kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo ukuthi zigijimele emzileni wokugaywa kabusha. Namuhla, intengo ye-lithium carbonate iyaqhubeka nokuwa, okuye kwathinta ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni, nezinkampani zokuvuselela kabusha ezithwele umthelela omkhulu.
Imodeli ngayinye kulawa mathathu inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi, futhi ukubambisana kulindeleke ukuba kube okujwayelekile.
Ngemuva kokuthi amabhethri kagesi enqanyuliwe, ukusetshenziswa kwesibili nokudilizwa kanye nokugaywa kabusha yizindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulahla. Njengamanje, inqubo yokusebenzisa i-echelon iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi umnotho udinga ngokuphuthumayo inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo ezintsha. Umongo wokuhlakaza nokuvuselela kabusha ukuthola inzuzo yokucubungula, futhi ubuchwepheshe namashaneli yizinto ezibalulekile ezinomthelela.
"Umbiko" uveza ukuthi ngokuya ngezinhlangano ezihlukene zokugaywa kabusha, njengamanje kunamamodeli amathathu okugaya kabusha embonini: abakhiqizi bebhethri lamandla njengomzimba oyinhloko, izinkampani zezimoto njengomzimba omkhulu, kanye nezinkampani zezinkampani zangaphandle njengomzimba oyinhloko.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi esimweni sokuncipha kwenzuzo kanye nezinselele ezinzima embonini yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla, izinkampani ezimele lawa mamodeli amathathu okuvuselela zonke zithola inzuzo ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, izinguquko zemodeli yebhizinisi, njll.
Kubikwa ukuthi ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukufeza ukugaywa kabusha komkhiqizo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinkampani zamabhethri anamandla njenge-CATL, i-Guoxuan High-Tech, ne-Yiwei Lithium Energy zikhiphe amabhizinisi e-lithium okuvuselela ibhethri nokuvuselela kabusha.
U-Pan Xuexing, umqondisi wezokuthuthukiswa okusimeme we-CATL, wake wathi i-CATL inesixazululo sayo sokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri esitobhini esisodwa, esingafeza ngempela ukugaywa kabusha kweluphu evaliwe yamabhethri. Amabhethri kadoti aguqulwa ngokuqondile abe izinto zokusetshenziswa zebhethri ngenqubo yokugaywa kabusha, engasetshenziswa ngokuqondile kumabhethri esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Ngokwemibiko yomphakathi, ubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha be-CATL bungafinyelela izinga lokubuyisela lika-99.6% ku-nickel, i-cobalt ne-manganese, kanye nezinga lokutholwa kwe-lithium elingu-91%. Ngo-2023, i-CATL yakhiqiza cishe amathani ayi-13,000 e-lithium carbonate futhi yasebenzisa kabusha amathani ayi-100,000 amabhethri asetshenzisiwe.
Ekupheleni konyaka odlule, "Izinyathelo Zokuphatha Zokusetshenziswa Okuphelele Kwamabhethri Amandla Ezimotweni Zamandla Amasha (Okusalungiswa Kokuphawula)" kwakhishwa, kucacisa izibopho izinhlangano zamabhizinisi ezihlukahlukene okufanele zibe nazo ekusetshenzisweni okuphelele kwamabhethri kagesi. Empeleni, abakhiqizi bezimoto kufanele bathwale umthwalo wamabhethri wamandla afakiwe. Ukugaywa kabusha kwesibopho sesihloko.
Okwamanje, ama-OEM nawo enze izimpumelelo ezinhle ekugayweni kabusha kwebhethri lamandla. I-Geely Automobile yamemezela ngoJulayi 24 ukuthi isheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okugaya kabusha nokukhiqiza kabusha izimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha futhi isizuze izinga lokutholwa elingaphezu kuka-99% ezintweni zenickel, i-cobalt kanye ne-manganese kumabhethri kagesi.
Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2023, i-Evergreen New Energy yakwa-Geely isicubungule isamba esingamathani angu-9,026.98 wamabhethri kagesi asetshenzisiwe futhi yawafaka ohlelweni lokulandela umkhondo, ekhiqiza amathani angaba ngu-4,923 e-nickel sulfate, amathani angu-2,210 e-cobalt sulfate, 1,74 tons of manganese kanye namathani angu-1,681 e-lithium carbonate. Imikhiqizo esetshenziselwe kabusha isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi Ukulungiselela imikhiqizo ye-ternary precursor yenkampani yethu. Ukwengeza, ngokuhlolwa okukhethekile kwamabhethri amadala angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-echelon, asetshenziswa kumaforklift we-Geely on-site logistics. Iphrojekthi yamanje yokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwe-echelon yama-forklift yethuliwe. Ngemva kokuphothulwa komshayeli, inganyuselwa eqenjini lonke. Ngaleso sikhathi, ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimoto zikagesi ezingaphezu kuka-2,000 eqenjini. Izidingo zokusebenza zansuku zonke ze-forklift.
Njengenkampani yezinkampani zangaphandle, i-GEM iphinde yasho esimemezelweni sayo sangaphambilini ukuthi iphinde yagaya kabusha futhi yahlakaza amathani angu-7,900 amabhethri kagesi (0.88GWh) ngekota yokuqala yalo nyaka, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka ngama-27.47%, futhi ihlela ukwenza sebenzisa kabusha futhi uhlakaze amathani angu-45,000 amabhethri kagesi unyaka wonke. Ngo-2023, i-GEM yaphinda yasetshenziswa futhi yadiliza amathani angu-27,454 amabhethri kagesi (3.05GWh), okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-57.49%. Ibhizinisi lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla lizuze imali engenayo yokusebenza yama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.131, okuwukukhuphuka konyaka ngo-81.98%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-GEM njengamanje inezinkampani eziyisimemezelo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa yibhethri entsha ezi-5 zokumosha amandla, iningi e-China, futhi idale imodeli yokubambisana yokuvuselela kabusha ne-BYD, Mercedes-Benz China, Guangzhou Automobile Group, Dongfeng Passenger Cars, Chery Automobile, njll.
Ngamunye kulawa mamodeli amathathu anezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi. Ukugaywa kabusha ngabakhiqizi bebhethri njengomzimba omkhulu kuyasiza ekuboneni ukugaywa kabusha okuyisiqondiso kwamabhethri asetshenzisiwe. Ama-OEM angazuza ezinhlelweni ezisobala zesiteshi ukwenza izindleko zizonke zokugaywa kabusha zibe ngaphansi, kuyilapho izinkampani zezinkampani zangaphandle zingasiza amabhethri. Khulisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.
Ngokuzayo, ungayiphula kanjani imigoqo embonini yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri?
"Umbiko" ugcizelela ukuthi ukusebenzelana kwezimboni ngokubambisana okujulile phakathi komfula okhuphukayo kanye nozansi nomfula wochungechunge lwezimboni kuzosiza ekudaleni uchungechunge lwebhethri oluvaliwe lokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha komkhakha ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Imifelandawonye yochungechunge lwezimboni nokubambisana kwamaqembu amaningi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe imodeli evamile yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-14-2024