Isingeniso: Isikhungo Sokuhlola Isimo Sezulu Esibandayo
Kusukela eHarbin, inhloko-dolobha yaseChina esenyakatho kakhulu, kuya eHeihe, esifundazweni saseHeilongjiang, ngaphesheya komfula usuka eRussia, amazinga okushisa asebusika ngokuvamile ehla aze afike ku-30°C. Naphezu kwesimo sezulu esibi kangaka, kuye kwavela into ephawulekayo: inani elikhuluizimoto ezintsha zamandla, okuhlanganisa amamodeli akamuva asebenza kahle kakhulu, akhangwa kule nkundla yeqhwa enkulukazi yamadrayivu okuhlola aqinile. Lo mkhuba ugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa endaweni ebandayo, okuyisigaba esibalulekile kunoma iyiphi imoto entsha ngaphambi kokuthi iye emakethe.
Ngokungeziwe ekuhlolweni kokuphepha esimweni sezulu esinenkungu nesikhithika, izimoto ezintsha zamandla kufanele futhi zihlole yonke impilo yebhethri, amandla okushaja, nokusebenza kwesimo somoya.
Imboni yokushayela i-Heihe cold-zone test drive isithuthuke ngesidingo esikhulayo sezimoto ezintsha zamandla, iguqule ngempumelelo "izinsiza ezibanda kakhulu" zesifunda zibe "imboni yokushayela yokuhlola" ekhulayo. Imibiko yendawo ikhombisa ukuthi isibalo sezimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nezimoto zikaphethiloli zendabuko ezibambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni kulo nyaka zicishe zifane, zikhombisa inkambiso iyonke yemakethe yezimoto zabagibeli. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukudayiswa kwezimoto zabagibeli basekhaya kuzofinyelela ezigidini ezingama-22.6 ngo-2024, kuzo izimoto zikaphethiloli ezijwayelekile zizobalelwa ezigidini eziyi-11.55, kanti izimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla zizokwenyuka kakhulu ziye ku-11.05 million.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe ekusebenzeni kwebhethri
Inselele enkulu ezibhekene nezimoto zikagesi ezindaweni ezibandayo zihlala ukusebenza kwebhethri. Amabhethri e-lithium endabuko ngokuvamile ahlangabezana nokwehla okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okuholela ekukhathazekeni mayelana nebanga. Nokho, intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ibhekana nalezi zinkinga ngqo. Ithimba labacwaningi e-Shenzhen lisanda kuhlola ibhethri labo elisanda kwakhiwa e-Heihe, lazuza ububanzi obumangalisayo obungaphezu kuka-70% ku--25°C. Lokhu kuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe akuthuthukisi kuphela ukusebenza kwezimoto endaweni eyiqhwa, kodwa futhi kuqhubekisela phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi.
I-Harbin Institute of Technology's New Energy Materials and Devices Laboratory ihamba phambili kulokhu kusungulwa. Abacwaningi bakha amabhethri anezisetshenziswa ezithuthukisiwe ze-cathode ne-anode kanye nama-electrolyte okushisa aphansi kakhulu, okubenza bakwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezingaphansi kuka -40°C. Lawa mabhethri asetshenziswe ocwaningweni lwesayensi lwase-Antarctic izinyanga eziyisithupha, akhombisa ukwethembeka kwawo ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ilabhorethri izuze ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile, ngebhethri ye-double-ion esanda kwakhiwa engasebenza ku--60°C, enamandla omjikelezo ovelele izikhathi ezingu-20,000 kuyilapho igcina u-86.7% womthamo wayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhethri omakhalekhukhwini enziwe ngalobu buchwepheshe ngokwethiyoriyo angakwazi ukugcina amandla awo angaphezu kuka-80% ngisho noma esetshenziswa nsuku zonke esimweni sezulu esibanda kakhulu iminyaka engu-50.
Izinzuzo zamabhethri emoto yamandla amasha
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezenza izimoto zamandla amasha zibe enye indlela esimeme kunezimoto ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli. Okokuqala, amabhethri emoto yamandla amasha, ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-lithium-ion, anomthamo omkhulu wamandla, okwenza akwazi ukugcina amandla amaningi ngendlela ehlangene. Lesi sici asithuthukisi nje kuphela ububanzi bezimoto zikagesi, kodwa futhi sihlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nezidingo zokuhamba zansuku zonke zabasebenzisi.
Ukwengeza, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri besimanje busekela amandla okushaja okusheshayo, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashaje izimoto zabo ngokushesha nangempumelelo, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise isikhathi sokuphumula. Impilo ende yesevisi kanye nezidingo zokugcinwa okuphansi kwamabhethri emoto yamandla amasha kwandisa ukukhanga kwawo, njengoba akwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kahle ngisho nangemva kokushaja okuningi nokukhipha imijikelezo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto zikagesi zinezinhlelo zamandla ezilula kanye nezindleko zokunakekela eziphansi, okuzenza zibe ukukhetha ukonga kakhulu kubathengi.
Izici zemvelo nazo ziyisici esibalulekile ebuhleni bezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngokungafani nezimoto zendabuko, amabhethri emoto yamandla amasha awakhiqizi ukukhishwa okuyingozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri, ukugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamabhethri asetshenzisiwe kunganciphisa kakhulu ukumosheka kwensiza futhi kunciphise umthwalo wendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri esimanje afakwe amasistimu okuphatha ahlakaniphile angaqapha isimo sebhethri ngesikhathi sangempela, athuthukise inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha, futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle.
Cela ukubambisana komhlaba wonke ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko esimeme
Njengoba umhlaba ubhekene nezinselelo ezinzima ezifana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, inqubekelaphambili kubuchwepheshe bezimoto zamandla amasha inikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuba amazwe asebenzisane ukuze akhe umphakathi ozinzile. Inhlanganisela eyimpumelelo yemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga nomoya onamabhethri emoto yamandla amasha ingathuthukisa izixazululo zokushaja eziluhlaza, inciphise ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, futhi yakhe ikusasa elihlanzekile nelizinzile.
Ngamafuphi, ukusebenza okuvelele kwezimoto zamandla amasha esimweni sezulu esibanda kakhulu, okuhambisana nenqubekela phambili yobuchwepheshe bebhethri, kugqamisa amandla ezimoto zikagesi zokuguqula imboni yezimoto. Njengoba amazwe emhlabeni wonke elwela ukuzuza intuthuko esimeme, ikhwelo lokuthatha isinyathelo licacile: ukwamukela ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukutshala imali ocwaningweni, nokusebenzisana ukuze kwakhelwe izizukulwane ezizayo umhlaba oluhlaza, osimeme.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-13-2025