Inkinga “yokuguga” empeleni ikuyo yonke indawo.Manje sekuyithuba lomkhakha webhethri.
"Inani elikhulu lamabhethri ezimoto ezinamandla amasha azophelelwa yisikhathi eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ezayo, futhi kuyaphuthuma ukuxazulula inkinga yebhethri."Muva nje, u-Li Bin, usihlalo kanye ne-CEO ye-NIO, uxwayise izikhathi eziningi ukuthi uma le nkinga ingakwazi ukusingathwa kahle, izindleko ezinkulu zesikhathi esizayo zizosetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkinga ezilandelayo.
Emakethe yebhethri lamandla, lo nyaka unyaka okhethekile.Ngo-2016, izwe lami lasebenzisa inqubomgomo yewaranti yeminyaka engu-8 noma engu-120,000-kilometer yamabhethri emoto yamandla amasha.Namuhla, amabhethri ezimoto zamandla amasha athengwe ngonyaka wokuqala wenqubomgomo asondela noma afinyelela ekupheleni kwesikhathi sewaranti.Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ezayo, isamba sezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-19 zizongena kancane kancane emjikelezweni wokushintsha amabhethri.
Ezinkampanini zezimoto ezifuna ukwenza ibhizinisi lamabhethri, lena imakethe okungafanele uyiphuthe.
Ngo-1995, imoto yamandla entsha yokuqala yezwe lami yagingqika yaphuma emgqeni womhlangano - ibhasi elihlanzekile likagesi elibizwa ngokuthi "Yuanwang".Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule kusukela lapho, imboni yezimoto ezintsha zezwe lami ithuthuke kancane.
Ngenxa yokuthi umsindo mncane kakhulu futhi ikakhulukazi izimoto ezisebenzayo, abasebenzisi abakakakwazi ukujabulela izindinganiso zewaranti zikazwelonke ezihlangene "yenhliziyo" yezimoto zamandla amasha - ibhethri.Ezinye izifundazwe, amadolobha noma izinkampani zezimoto nazo zenze izindinganiso zewaranti yebhethri yamandla, iningi lazo elihlinzeka ngewaranti yeminyaka engu-5 noma engu-100,000-kilometer, kodwa amandla okubopha awaqinile.
Kwaze kwafika ngo-2015 lapho ukuthengiswa kwezwe lami kwezimoto ezintsha zaminyaka yonke kwaqala ukudlula uphawu lwe-300,000, kwaba amandla amasha angenakunakwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuso uhlinzeka ngezinqubomgomo "zemali yangempela" ezifana noxhaso lwamandla amasha kanye nokukhululwa enteleni yokuthenga ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha, futhi izinkampani zezimoto nomphakathi nazo ziyasebenzisana.
Ngo-2016, inqubomgomo kazwelonke yewaranti yebhethri yamandla ahlanganisiwe yaba khona.Isikhathi sewaranti seminyaka engu-8 noma amakhilomitha angu-120,000 side kakhulu kuneminyaka engu-3 noma amakhilomitha angu-60,000 enjini.Ukuphendula inqubomgomo futhi ngenxa yokucabangela ukwandisa ukuthengiswa kwamandla amasha, ezinye izinkampani zezimoto zengeze isikhathi sewaranti saba amakhilomitha angu-240,000 noma iwaranti yempilo yonke.Lokhu kufana nokunika abathengi abafuna ukuthenga izimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha "isiqinisekiso".
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imakethe yezamandla entsha yezwe lami ingene esigabeni sokukhula ngesivinini esiphindwe kabili, ngokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezidlula isigidi esisodwa okokuqala ngqa ngo-2018. Kusukela ngonyaka odlule, isibalo esiqoqiwe sezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla ezinewaranti yeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili zafinyelela ku-19.5 izigidi, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-60 kusukela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule.
Ngokuhambisanayo, kusukela ngo-2025 kuya ku-2032, isibalo sezimoto ezintsha zamandla ezineziqinisekiso zamabhethri aphelelwe yisikhathi nazo zizokhula unyaka nonyaka, zisuka kwezingu-320,000 zokuqala ziye kwezingu-7.33 million.U-Li Bin uveze ukuthi kusukela ngonyaka ozayo, abasebenzisi bazobhekana nezinkinga ezifana nebhethri lamandla angaphandle kwewaranti, "amabhethri ezimoto anezikhathi ezihlukene zokuphila" kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokushintshwa kwebhethri.
Lesi simo sizoba sobala kakhulu kumaqoqo okuqala ezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla.Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezinsizakalo zangemuva kokuthengisa zazingakavuthwa ngokwanele, okuholela ekuzinzeni komkhiqizo okungekuhle.Cishe ngo-2017, izindaba zokusha kwebhethri lamandla zavela ngokulandelana.Isihloko sokuphepha kwebhethri sesiphenduke undabuzekwayo embonini futhi sesithinte ukuzethemba kwabathengi ekuthengeni izimoto ezisebenza ngamandla.
Njengamanje, kukholelwa embonini ukuthi impilo yebhethri ngokuvamile ineminyaka engama-3-5, futhi impilo yesevisi yemoto ngokuvamile idlula iminyaka emi-5.Ibhethri liyingxenye ebiza kakhulu yemoto entsha yamandla, ngokuvamile ithatha cishe u-30% wesamba sezindleko zemoto.
I-NIO inikeza isethi yolwazi lwezindleko zamaphakethe ebhethri ashintshwayo ngemva kokuthengisa kwezinye izimoto zamandla amasha.Isibonelo, umthamo webhethri wekhodi emsulwa yemodeli kagesi ebizwa ngokuthi "A" ngu-96.1kWh, futhi izindleko zokushintsha ibhethri ziphezulu njenge-233,000 yuan.Kumamodeli amabili ebanga elinwetshiwe anamandla ebhethri acishe abe ngu-40kWh, izindleko zokushintsha ibhethri zingaphezu kuka-80,000 yuan.Ngisho kumamodeli ayingxube anamandla kagesi angekho ngaphezu kuka-30kWh, izindleko zokushintshwa kwebhethri zisondele ku-60,000 yuan.
“Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkampani ezinobungane sezihambe ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayisigidi, kodwa amabhethri amathathu alimele,” kusho uLi Bin.Izindleko zokushintsha amabhethri amathathu zidlule intengo yemoto ngokwayo.
Uma izindleko zokushintsha ibhethri ziguqulwa zibe ama-yuan angu-60,000, izimoto zamandla ezintsha eziyizigidi ezingu-19.5 ezizophelelwa yisikhathi iwaranti yebhethri yazo eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili zizodala imakethe entsha yama-trillion dollar.Kusukela ezinkampanini zezimayini ze-lithium ezikhuphuka nomfula kuya ezinkampanini zamabhethri anamandla aphakathi nendawo kuya ezinkampanini zezimoto ezimaphakathi nezansi nomfula kanye nabathengisi bangemuva kokuthengisa, bonke bazozuza kulokhu.
Uma izinkampani zifuna ukuthola ophaya abaningi, kufanele ziqhudelane ukuze zibone ukuthi ubani ongathuthukisa ibhethri elisha elingathwebula kangcono "izinhliziyo" zabathengi.
Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ezayo, cishe amabhethri ezimoto ayizigidi ezingama-20 azongena emjikelezweni wokushintshwa.Izinkampani zamabhethri nezinkampani zezimoto zonke zifuna ukubamba leli “bhizinisi”.
Njengendlela ehlukene yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha, izinkampani eziningi ziphinde zathi ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buphinde buthathe izakhiwo zemigqa eminingi njenge-lithium iron phosphate, i-ternary lithium, i-lithium iron manganese phosphate, isimo esiqinile, kanye nesimo esiqinile.Kulesi sigaba, i-lithium iron phosphate kanye namabhethri e-lithium e-ternary yiwo ajwayelekile, abala cishe u-99% wawo wonke okukhiphayo.
Okwamanje, ukuncishiswa kwebhethri okujwayelekile kwemboni kazwelonke akukwazi ukweqa ama-20% ngesikhathi sewaranti, futhi kudinga ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwamandla kungeqi ama-80% ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-1,000 yokushajwa okugcwele nokukhipha.
Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, kunzima ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko ngenxa yemiphumela yokushisa okuphansi kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kokushaja nokukhipha.Idatha ibonisa ukuthi okwamanje, amabhethri amaningi anempilo engu-70% kuphela ngesikhathi sewaranti.Uma impilo yebhethri yehla ngaphansi kuka-70%, ukusebenza kwayo kuzokwehla kakhulu, ulwazi lomsebenzisi luzothinteka kakhulu, futhi kuzovela izinkinga zokuphepha.
Ngokusho kuka-Weilai, ukwehla kwempilo yebhethri kuhlobene kakhulu nemikhuba yokusetshenziswa kwabanikazi bezimoto kanye nezindlela "zokugcina imoto", lapho "isitoreji semoto" sifinyelela ku-85%.Abanye odokotela baveze ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi bamandla amasha namuhla bajwayele ukusebenzisa ukushaja okusheshayo ukuze bagcwalise amandla, kodwa ukusetshenziswa njalo kokushaja okusheshayo kuzosheshisa ukuguga kwebhethri futhi kufinyeze impilo yebhethri.
U-Li Bin ukholelwa ukuthi u-2024 uyinodi yesikhathi ebaluleke kakhulu."Kubalulekile ukwenza uhlelo lwebhethri olungcono lwabasebenzisi, imboni yonke, kanye nomphakathi wonke."
Ngokuphathelene nokuthuthukiswa kwamanje kobuchwepheshe bebhethri, ukuhlelwa kwamabhethri empilo ende kufanelekile emakethe.Ibhethri eliphila isikhathi eside, elaziwa nangokuthi "ibhethri elinganciphisi", lisekelwe kumabhethri awuketshezi akhona (ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-lithium e-lithium kanye namabhethri e-lithium carbonate) anokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ye-nano ezintweni ze-electrode ezinhle nezingezinhle ukuze kubambezeleke ukuwohloka kwebhethri. .Okusho ukuthi, izinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode zengezwa "nge-agent ye-lithium replenishing", futhi into engalungile ye-electrode ifakwe nge-silicon.
Igama lemboni lithi "i-silicon doping kanye ne-lithium replenishing".Abanye abahlaziyi bathi ngesikhathi sokushaja kwamandla amasha, ikakhulukazi uma ukushaja okusheshayo kuvame ukusetshenziswa, "ukumuncwa kwe-lithium" kuzokwenzeka, okungukuthi, i-lithium ilahlekile.I-Lithium supplementation inganweba impilo yebhethri, kuyilapho i-silicon doping inganciphisa isikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo kwebhethri.
Eqinisweni, izinkampani ezifanele zisebenza kanzima ukuthuthukisa impilo yebhethri.NgoMashi 14, i-NIO yakhipha isu layo lebhethri lempilo ende.Emhlanganweni, i-NIO yethule ukuthi isistimu yebhethri enamandla amakhulu angu-150kWh eyakhiwe inomthamo wamandla angaphezu kuka-50% kuyilapho igcina umthamo ofanayo.Ngonyaka odlule, i-Weilai ET7 ifakwe ibhethri le-150-degree ukuze lihlolwe kwangempela, futhi impilo yebhethri ye-CLTC yeqa amakhilomitha angu-1,000.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NIO iphinde yasungula isistimu yebhethri yokusabalalisa ukushisa kwamaseli e-CTP angu-100kWh kanye nesistimu yebhethri eyingxube ye-75kWh ye-iron-lithium eyingxube.Iseli yebhethri elikhulu eliyisilinda elithuthukisiwe elikwazi ukumelana nokugcina ngaphakathi okungu-1.6 milliohms inamandla okushaja angu-5C futhi ingahlala kufikela ku-255km ngeshaje eyimizuzu emi-5.
I-NIO ithe ngokususelwa kumjikelezo omkhulu wokushintsha ibhethri, impilo yebhethri isengakwazi ukugcina impilo engama-80% ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-12, ephakeme kunesilinganiso semboni yezempilo esingu-70% eminyakeni eyi-8.Manje, i-NIO isebenzisana ne-CATL ukuthuthukisa ngokuhlanganyela amabhethri empilo ende, ngomgomo wokuba nezinga lezempilo elingekho ngaphansi kuka-85% uma impilo yebhethri iphela eminyakeni engu-15.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu, i-CATL yamemezela ngo-2020 ukuthi isungule "ibhethri le-zero attenuation" elingafinyelela ku-zero attenuation phakathi kwemijikelezo eyi-1,500.Ngokusho kwabantu abajwayelene nalolu daba, ibhethri lisetshenziswe kumaphrojekthi okugcina amandla e-CATL, kodwa azikho izindaba okwamanje emkhakheni wezimoto ezintsha ezithwala amandla.
Ngalesi sikhathi, i-CATL kanye ne-Zhiji Automobile bakha amabhethri anamandla ngokuhlanganyela kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-"silicon-doped lithium-supplemented", bathi bangafinyelela ukuncipha kweqanda kanye "nokungashisi okuzenzakalelayo" amakhilomitha angama-200,000, kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okukhulu kwengqikithi yebhethri kufika ku-300Wh/kg.
Ukuthandwa nokukhuthazwa kwamabhethri empilo ende kunokubaluleka okuthile ezinkampanini zezimoto, abasebenzisi bamandla amasha ngisho nakuwo wonke umkhakha.
Okokuqala, ezinkampanini zezimoto nabakhiqizi bebhethri, kwandisa i-bargaining chip emzabalazweni wokusetha izinga lebhethri.Noma ubani ongasungula noma asebenzise amabhethri empilo ende kuqala uzoba nezwi elithe xaxa futhi athathe izimakethe eziningi kuqala.Ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezinentshisekelo emakethe yokushintsha amabhethri zizimisele nakakhulu.
Njengoba sonke sazi, izwe lami alikakakhiqizi izinga lebhethri elihlanganisiwe kulesi sigaba.Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha ibhethri buyinkundla yokuhlola yokuqala yokumisa ibhethri lamandla.UXin Guobin, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe woMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, wakubeka kwacaca ngoJuni nyakenye ukuthi uzofunda futhi ahlanganise uhlelo olujwayelekile lokushintshanisa amabhethri futhi akhuthaze ukuhlanganisa usayizi webhethri, isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushintshwa kwebhethri, izimiso zokuxhumana kanye namanye amazinga. .Lokhu akukhuthazi nje kuphela ukushintshashintsha kanye nokuguquguquka kwamabhethri, kodwa futhi kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Amabhizinisi afisa ukuba isethi ejwayelekile emakethe yokushintsha amabhethri asheshisa imizamo yawo.Sithatha i-NIO njengesibonelo, ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni nasekuhlelweni kwedatha enkulu yebhethri, i-NIO inwebise umjikelezo wempilo kanye nenani lamabhethri ohlelweni olukhona.Lokhu kuletha indawo yokulungiswa kwentengo yamasevisi okuqasha amabhethri e-BaaS.Kunsizakalo entsha yokuqashwa kwebhethri ye-BaaS, inani elijwayelekile lokuqashwa kwephakethe lebhethri lehlisiwe lisuka ku-980 yuan laya ku-728 yuan ngenyanga, futhi iphakethe lebhethri lempilo ende lilungisiwe lisuka ku-1,680 yuan laya ku-1,128 yuan ngenyanga.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kokubambisana kokushintshisana kwamandla phakathi kontanga kuhambisana nesiqondiso senqubomgomo.
I-NIO ingumholi emkhakheni wokushintsha ibhethri.Ngonyaka odlule, u-Weilai ungene ezingeni likazwelonke lokushintshwa kwebhethri "khetha eyodwa kwezine".Njengamanje, i-NIO yakhe futhi yasebenzisa iziteshi zokushintsha amabhethri ezingaphezu kuka-2,300 emakethe yomhlaba, futhi isihehe i-Changan, Geely, JAC, Chery nezinye izinkampani zezimoto ukuthi zijoyine inethiwekhi yayo yokushintsha amabhethri.Ngokwemibiko, isiteshi sokushintsha amabhethri se-NIO silinganiselwa ku-70,000 amabhethri ashintshwayo ngosuku, futhi kusukela ngoMashi kulo nyaka, sinikeze abasebenzisi ama-swap amabhethri ayizigidi ezingama-40.
Ukwethulwa kwe-NIO kwamabhethri empilo ende ngokushesha kungasiza indawo yayo emakethe yokushintshanisa amabhethri ukuthi izinze, futhi ingakhuphula isisindo sayo ekubeni isethi ejwayelekile yokushintshwa kwebhethri.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthandwa kwamabhethri empilo ende kuzosiza ama-brand akhulise amaphrimiyamu awo.Umuntu ongaphakathi uthe, "Amabhethri empilo ende njengamanje asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni esezingeni eliphezulu."
Kubathengi, uma amabhethri empilo ende ekhiqizwa ngobuningi futhi efakwe ezimotweni, ngokuvamile awadingi ukukhokhela ukushintshwa kwebhethri ngesikhathi sewaranti, beqaphela ngempela "isikhathi esifanayo sempilo yemoto nebhethri."Kungabuye kuthathwe njengokunciphisa ngokungaqondile izindleko zokushintshwa kwebhethri.
Nakuba kugcizelelwa encwadini entsha yewaranti yemoto yamandla ukuthi ibhethri lingashintshwa mahhala ngesikhathi sewaranti.Nokho, umuntu ojwayelene nalolu daba uthe ukushintshwa kwebhethri kwamahhala kungaphansi kwemibandela."Ezimweni zangempela, ukushintshwa kwamahhala akuvamile ukunikezwa, futhi ukushintshwa kuzonqatshwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene."Isibonelo, uhlobo oluthile lubala ububanzi obungesona iwaranti, enye yazo "ewukusetshenziswa kwemoto" Ngesikhathi senqubo, inani lokukhishwa kwebhethri liphezulu ngo-80% kunomthamo olinganiselwe webhethri."
Kusukela kulo mbono, amabhethri empilo ende manje aseyibhizinisi elinekhono.Kodwa lapho izosakazwa ngezinga elikhulu, isikhathi asikakanqunywa.Phela, wonke umuntu angakhuluma ngethiyori ye-silicon-doped lithium-replenishing technology, kodwa isadinga ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo kanye nokuhlolwa kwebhodi ngaphambi kwesicelo sokuhweba."Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri yesizukulwane sokuqala uzothatha okungenani iminyaka emibili," kusho ongaphakathi embonini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-13-2024