Njengoba imboni yezimoto iba noguquko olukhului-ion,izimoto zikagesi (EVs)zihamba phambili kulolu shintsho. Akwazi ukusebenza ngomthelela omncane kwezemvelo, ama-EV ayisixazululo esithembisayo ezinseleleni ezinzima ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcoliswa kwedolobha. Nokho, ukushintshela esimweni sezimoto esimeme kakhudlwana akunazo izithiyo. Izitatimende zakamuva zabaholi bemboni abafana no-Lisa Blankin, uSihlalo we-Ford Motor UK, bagqamise isidingo esiphuthumayo sokusekelwa kukahulumeni ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukwamukelwa kwabathengi kwama-EV.
U-Brankin ucele uhulumeni wase-UK ukuthi anikeze abathengi imali efinyelela ku-£5,000 ngemoto ngayinye kagesi. Lolu cingo luza ngenxa yokuncintisana okukhulu okuvela ezimotweni zikagesi ezithengekayo ezivela eChina kanye namazinga ahlukene esidingo sabathengi ezimakethe ezahlukene. Imboni yezimoto njengamanje ibhekene neqiniso lokuthi intshisekelo yamakhasimende ezimotweni ezingakhiqizi nhlobo ayikafinyeleli ezingeni ebelilindelwe ngesikhathi kubhalwa imithethonqubo okokuqala. U-Brankin ugcizelele ukuthi ukwesekwa kukahulumeni okuqondile kubalulekile ukuze imboni iphile, ikakhulukazi njengoba ibhekana nobunzima bokushintshela ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi.
Ukukhishwa kwenguqulo kagesi yeSUV encane ethengiswa kakhulu yakwaFord, iPuma Gen-E, embonini yabo yaseHalewood eMerseyside kukhombisa ukuzibophezela kwenkampani ezimotweni zikagesi. Nokho, ukuphawula kukaBlankin kugqamisa ukukhathazeka okubanzi: ukuthi kuzodingeka izikhuthazo ezibalulekile ukuze kuvuswe isithakazelo sabathengi. Lapho ebuzwa ngokusebenza kahle kwezikhuthazo ezihlongozwayo, waphawula ukuthi kufanele zibe phakathi kuka-£2,000 no-£5,000, ephakamisa ukuthi ukusekelwa okubalulekile kuzodingeka ukuze kukhuthazwe abathengi ukuthi bashintshele ezimotweni zikagesi.
Izimoto zikagesi, noma izimoto zikagesi zamabhethri (BEVs), ziklanyelwe ukusebenza ngamandla kagesi angaphakathi, zisebenzisa injini kagesi ukushayela amasondo. Lobu buchwepheshe obusha abuhambisani kuphela nemithetho yethrafikhi nezokuphepha emgwaqeni, kodwa futhi bunikeza uhla lwezinzuzo zemvelo. Ngokungafani nezimoto ezivamile zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, izimoto zikagesi azikhiqizi igesi, zisiza ukuhlanza umoya nokunciphisa ukungcola okufana ne-carbon monoxide, ama-hydrocarbon, ama-nitrogen oxide kanye ne-particle. Ukungabi khona kwalokhu kukhishelwa okuyingozi kuyinzuzo enkulu njengoba kusiza ukulwa nezinkinga ezifana nemvula ene-asidi nentuthu ye-photochemical, eyingozi empilweni yomuntu nasendaweni ezungezile.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zazo zemvelo, izimoto zikagesi nazo zaziwa ngokuwonga amandla. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zisebenzisa amandla amaningi kunezimoto ezisebenza ngophethiloli, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinezindawo zokuma ezivamile nokushayela ngesivinini esincane. Lokhu kusebenza kahle akunciphisi nje kuphela ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kodwa futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okulinganiselwe kwemithombo ye-petroleum elinganiselwe. Njengoba amadolobha eqhubeka nokubhekana nokuminyana kwezimoto kanye nezinkinga zekhwalithi yomoya, ukwamukela izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kunikeza ikhambi elisebenzayo kulezi zinselele.
Ukwengeza, ukuklama kwesakhiwo sezimoto zikagesi kunezela ekuthandeni kwazo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, izimoto zikagesi zinezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo, izakhiwo ezilula, kanye nezidingo zokunakekela eziphansi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-AC induction motors, angadingi ukulungiswa njalo, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi. Lokhu kulula ukusebenza nokunakekela kwenza izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zibe yinketho ekhangayo kubathengi abafuna ukuzijwayeza ukushayela ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile zezimoto zikagesi, imboni ibhekene nezinselelo ezibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukutholwa. Isimo sokuncintisana, ikakhulukazi ukuthutheleka kwezimoto zikagesi ezithengekayo ezivela e-China, senyuse ingcindezi kubakhiqizi bezimoto emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba izinkampani zilwela ukuthola indawo emakethe yezimoto zikagesi, isidingo sezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo kanye nezikhuthazo sesibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokungenelela kukahulumeni, ukushintshela ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi kungase kuntengante, kuvimbe inqubekelaphambili ebheke ekusaseni elisimeme.
Ngamafuphi, isimemo sokugqugquzela abathengi be-EV singaphezu nje kocingo oluvela kubaholi bezimboni; kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ukuze kugqugquzelwe i-ecosystem yezimoto esimeme. Njengoba ama-EV eqhubeka nokuduma, ohulumeni kufanele babone amandla abo futhi banikeze ukusekelwa okudingekayo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukutholwa kwabathengi. Izinzuzo zemvelo ze-EVs, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nokunakekelwa kalula kuwenza abe ukukhetha okunamandla kwekusasa lezokuthutha. Ngokutshala imali kuma-EV, singavula indlela yeplanethi ehlanzekile, enempilo ngenkathi siqinisekisa ukuthi imboni yezimoto iyachuma kulesi sikhathi esisha sokuqanjwa kabusha.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-05-2024