Ukuhlalisana ngokuvumelana nemvelo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iShayina ibe ngumholi womhlaba wonke emandleni ahlanzekile, ekhombisa imodeli yesimanje egcizelela ukuhlalisana okuvumelanayo phakathi komuntu nemvelo. Le ndlela yokusebenza ihambisana nomgomo wentuthuko esimeme, lapho ukukhula komnotho kungangeni engcupheni yokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kokuphehlwa kwamandla elanga elanga, izimoto zamandla amasha kanye nezinye izimboni zamandla ahlanzekile kuzuze ukuqashelwa nodumo olubanzi emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoba umhlaba ubhekene nezinselelo ezicindezelayo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukuzibophezela kweShayina kumandla ahlanzekile kuwumsebe wethemba kanye nepulani kwamanye amazwe.
Amandla ahlanzekile agqugquzela ukukhula komnotho
Umbiko wakamuva wewebhusayithi yenqubomgomo yesimo sezulu yase-UK iCarbon Brief ugqamisa umthelela omkhulu wamandla ahlanzekile emnothweni waseChina. Uhlaziyo lubikezela ukuthi ngo-2024, imisebenzi ehlanzekile ehlobene namandla izofaka u-10% omangalisayo ku-GDP yaseChina. Lokhu kukhula kuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi "izimboni ezintathu ezintsha" ezenze kahle eminyakeni yamuva - izimoto ezintsha zamandla, amabhethri e-lithium namaseli elanga. Imboni yezamandla ahlanzekile kulindeleke ukuthi ifake isandla esilinganiselwa ku-13.6 trillion yuan emnothweni waseChina, okuyisibalo esiqhathaniswa ne-GDP yonyaka yamazwe anjengeSaudi Arabia.
Iimoto entsha yamandlaimboni ikakhulukazi izuze okuncomekayo
Imiphumela, ngezimoto ezicishe zibe yizigidi eziyi-13 ezikhiqizwe ngo-2024 kuphela, okuwukwanda okumangazayo okungama-34% kunonyaka odlule. Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa akukhombisi nje kuphela imakethe yasekhaya eqinile yaseChina, kodwa futhi nomthelela wayo okhulayo emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba inani elikhulu lalezi zimoto lithunyelwa emhlabeni jikelele. Izinzuzo zezomnotho zamandla ahlanzekile azigcini nje ezinombolweni, kodwa futhi zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe kwamandla, konke okunomthelela emnothweni osimeme futhi oqinile.
Ukuqashelwa nokusekelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe
Umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba uyiqaphele inqubekelaphambili yaseShayina ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla ahlanzekile. U-Simon Evans, isekela lomhleli we-Carbon Brief, uphawule ngezinga nesivinini semboni yamandla ahlanzekile yaseChina, egcizelela ukuthi le nqubekelaphambili iwumphumela wokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuhlelwa kwamasu. Njengoba amazwe emhlabeni jikelele efuna ukushintshela kumandla ahlanzekile, ulwazi kanye nobuchule baseShayina kulo mkhakha bubonakala buyinto ewusizo kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zemvelo zamandla ahlanzekile zinkulu kakhulu. Ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nezinto ezingcolisa umoya, imithombo yamandla ahlanzekile efana namandla elanga, umoya namandla aphehlwa ngamanzi isiza ukubambezela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke futhi ithuthukise izinga lomoya. Imvelo evuselelekayo yale mithombo yamandla ithuthukisa nakakhulu ukukhanga kwayo, njengoba ingasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa imithombo yemvelo. Lokhu kushintsha akunciphisi nje kuphela ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kodwa futhi kuqinisa ukuvikeleka kwamandla ngokunciphisa ukuncika emandleni avela kwamanye amazwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ubungozi bokuguquguquka kwezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzuzo zezomnotho zamandla ahlanzekile ziya ngokuya zibonakala. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokufezeka komnotho wesilinganiso, izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile ziye zehla kancane kancane. Amaphrojekthi amaningi wamandla ahlanzekile manje ayakwazi ukuncintisana nemithombo yamandla evamile futhi azuze ukulingana kwegridi ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu okwenzekayo kwezomnotho akusekeli nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla ahlanzekile, kodwa futhi kugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wasekhaya ngokuvula amathuba emisebenzi ekukhiqizeni, ekufakeni nasekulungisweni.
Ukudala ikusasa elisimeme lezizukulwane ezizayo
Ukuthuthukiswa kweShayina kwamandla ahlanzekile akuwona nje umzamo wezomnotho, kodwa futhi nokuzibophezela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Ngokubeka eqhulwini ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile, i-China ithatha isinyathelo esibalulekile ekufinyeleleni imigomo yentuthuko esimeme yomhlaba wonke, ukuvikela indawo ezungezile kanye nokugcina imvelo ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kuzibophezela kuqinisekisa ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zizothola ifa leplanethi enempilo enendawo yokuhlala engcono kanye nenala yemithombo yemvelo.
Kafushane, uguquko lwamandla ahlanzekile lwaseShayina lufakazela ukuthi ukukhula komnotho nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kungaphilisana ngokuzwana. Ukuqashelwa nokwesekwa komphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe emizamweni yaseChina kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokubambisana ekubhekaneni nezinselele zomhlaba. Njengoba umhlaba ufuna ukudlulela esikhathini esizayo esimeme kakhudlwana, inqubekelaphambili ye-China kumandla ahlanzekile nasezimotweni zamandla amasha inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile kanye nogqozi emazweni emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuqhubekela emhlabeni oluhlaza futhi ozinzile akwenzeki nje kuphela, kodwa kakade kuyaqhubeka, futhi iChina ihamba phambili.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-27-2025