Eminyakeni yamuva, entsha yaseChinaimboni yezimoto zamandlaihlangabezane nentuthuko esheshayo futhi isibe ngumdlali obalulekile emakethe yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva yemakethe nokuhlaziywa kwemboni, i-China ayizuzanga nje kuphela izimpumelelo eziphawulekayo emakethe yasekhaya, kodwa futhi ibonise ukuncintisana okuqinile emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Lesi sihloko sizohlola isimo samanje, izinselele kanye nezimo zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo zokuthunyelwa kwezimoto zamandla ezintsha zase-China ngezindlela eziningi.
1. Ukukhula ngokushesha kwemboni yezimoto zamandla entsha yaseShayina
Ukudlondlobala kwemboni yezimoto ezintsha zaseShayina kuqale ngo-2010, lapho izwe lethula uchungechunge lwemigomo yokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenyuka kwesidingo semakethe, abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi baseChina njenge-BYD, NIO, ne-Xpeng bavele ngokushesha baba abadlali ababalulekile emakethe yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokusho kwe-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, ukuthengiswa kwe-China kwezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla kufinyelele ezigidini ezingu-6.8 ngo-2022, okuhlanganisa cishe u-60% wokudayiswa kwezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sibalo asibonisi nje kuphela ubuholi baseShayina emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi, kodwa futhi sibonisa amandla ayo aqinile ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhuthazwa kwemakethe.
2. Ukunwetshwa kwezimakethe zangaphandle
Njengoba imakethe yasekhaya igcwala kancane kancane, abakhiqizi bezimoto ezintsha baseShayina baqala ukunaka imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-General Administration of Customs, ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla eChina kufinyelele amayunithi angama-500,000 ngo-2022, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngonyaka kwe-120%. Lokhu kukhula kubangelwa ikakhulukazi yizici ezilandelayo:
(1) Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe: Izimoto ezintsha zamandla e-China zenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, ubuhlakani, kanye nokushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, ibhethri le-BYD le-blade lisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphepheni nasekukhuthazeleni, liheha amakhasimende amaningi aphesheya.
(2) Ukuncintisana kwamanani: Intengo yezimoto ezintsha zaseShayina zamandla iphansi futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi abahlukene. Kubathengi ezimakethe eziningi zomhlaba, intengo iwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho ukhetha izimoto zikagesi.
(3)Ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo: Uhulumeni wase-China unikeze ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo yokuthunyelwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, okuhlanganisa ukukhululwa enteleni noxhaso lokuthumela ngaphandle, njll. Lezi zinqubomgomo zehlise ngempumelelo izindleko zokusebenza zamabhizinisi futhi zathuthukisa ukuncintisana kwazo kwamanye amazwe.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwezimakethe ezinkulu ezithumela ngaphandle
Izimakethe zezimoto ezintsha zaseChina ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zigxile kakhulu eYurophu, eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, eNingizimu Melika nakwezinye izifunda.
(1) Imakethe yaseYurophu: Njengoba amazwe aseYurophu enaka kakhulu izinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo, isidingo sezimoto zikagesi siyaqhubeka sikhuphuka. Abakhiqizi baseShayina abanjengoWeilai noXiaopeng benze kahle kakhulu emakethe yaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi emazweni anjengeNorway, Germany neFrance. Ukufakwa kuhlu okuyimpumelelo kuka-Weilai eNorway kubonisa ukuqashelwa okwandayo kwemikhiqizo yezimoto zikagesi zaseShayina emakethe yaseYurophu.
(2) Imakethe yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia njengeThailand ne-Indonesia nawo asephenduke izimakethe ezibalulekile zokuthekelisa ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla zaseChina. Ohulumeni bala mazwe bagqugquzela ngenkuthalo ukuthandwa kwezimoto zikagesi futhi banikeze indawo yemakethe enhle. Iphrojekthi yamabhasi kagesi ye-BYD eThailand ibe yimpumelelo, yaphinde yahlanganisa isikhundla sayo emakethe yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
(3) Imakethe yaseNingizimu Melika: Isidingo sezimoto zikagesi emakethe yaseNingizimu Melika sikhula kancane kancane. Abakhiqizi bezimoto ezintsha zaseShayina kancane kancane baye bavula izimakethe emazweni anjengeBrazil ne-Argentina ngokusebenzisana nezinkampani zakuleli.
IV. Izinselele
Nakuba izimoto zaseShayina ezikhiqiza amandla amasha zenze impumelelo emangalisayo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, zisabhekene nezinselelo ezithile:
(1)Ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo: Nakuba izimoto zaseShayina ezikhiqiza amandla amasha zinezinzuzo kubuchwepheshe namanani, kwamanye amazwe athuthukile, ukuqwashisa kwabathengi ngemikhiqizo yaseShayina kusephansi. Indlela yokuthuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo kanye nokwethenjwa kwabathengi kuyinkinga izinkampani zaseShayina okudingeka ziyixazulule.
(2)Izithiyo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe: Amanye amazwe abeke amanani aphezulu kanye namazinga obuchwepheshe ezimotweni zikagesi ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe, okubeka izithiyo ezithile ekuthunyelweni kwezimoto zaseShayina zamandla amasha. Izinkampani zaseShayina zidinga ukuphendula ngenkuthalo kulezi zithiyo zohwebo futhi zithole amasu afanele okungena ezimakethe.
(3)Umehluko kumazinga obuchwepheshe: Amazwe ahlukene anezindinganiso ezihlukene zobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo zokuphepha ezimotweni zikagesi. Izinkampani zaseShayina zidinga ukwenza izinguquko ezihambisanayo kanye nentuthuko ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zemakethe eqondiwe.
V. Amathrendi Okuthuthukisa Ikusasa
Uma sibheka phambili, amathuba amasha okuthunyelwa kwezimoto zamandla eChina ahlala ebanzi. Njengoba umhlaba unaka kakhulu intuthuko esimeme, isidingo semakethe sezimoto zikagesi sizoqhubeka nokukhula. Izinkampani zaseShayina zingaqhubeka nokwandisa izimakethe zazo zamazwe ngamazwe ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
(1)Qinisekisa ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe: Qhubeka ukhuphule utshalomali lwe-R&D ukuze uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe bebhethri, izinga lobuhlakani namandla okushayela okuzenzakalelayo ukuze uhlangabezane namazinga aphezulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
(2)Sungula uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka emhlabeni wonke: Ngokumisa izisekelo zokukhiqiza nezikhungo ze-R&D phesheya kwezilwandle, singehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, sithuthukise isivinini sokusabela kwemakethe, futhi sithuthukise ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.
(3)Thuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo: Khulisa ukubonakala komkhiqizo emhlabeni jikelele futhi ukhulise ukwethenjwa kwabathengi ngokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuxhasa imicimbi yezemidlalo, njll.
(4) Phendula ngenkuthalo izinguquko zenqubomgomo: Nakisisa izinguquko zenqubomgomo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe futhi ulungise ngendlela eguquguqukayo amasu emakethe ukuze ubhekane nezithiyo zohwebo ezingase zibe khona kanye nokwehluka kwezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-26-2025